<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<rss version="2.0" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
	<channel>
		<title>Шпора по Аналитической геометрии (1семестр / 1 курс)</title>
		<link>http://matan.my1.ru/</link>
		<description></description>
		<lastBuildDate>Wed, 30 May 2012 06:36:16 GMT</lastBuildDate>
		<generator>uCoz Web-Service</generator>
		<atom:link href="https://matan.my1.ru/news/rss" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
		
		<item>
			<title>(23) Классификация кривых второго порядка</title>
			<description>все о&amp;nbsp;(23) Классификация кривых второго порядка</description>
			<content:encoded>&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Кривая второго порядка&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;— геометрическое место точек, декартовы прямоугольные координаты которых удовлетворяют уравнению вида&lt;/p&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;~a_{11}x^2 + a_{22}y^2+2a_{12}xy+2a_{13}x+2a_{23}y+a_{33}=0,&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/d/8/8/d88809354f19697c85f02d97afb21e6e.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;в котором по крайней мере один из коэффициентов&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;a_{11},~a_{12},~a_{22}&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/1/d/f/1dff03a8f055a4426b3c06e6fb7db538.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;отличен от нуля.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;.D0.9A.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.BA.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B2.D1.8B.D1.85_.D0.B2.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.BE_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8F.D0.B4.D0.BA.D0.B0&quot;&gt;Классификация кривых второго порядка&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-color: initial; font-size: 17px; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: none; float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px; &quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=5&quot; title=&quot;Править секцию «Невырожденные кривые»&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;править&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;.D0.9D.D0.B5.D0.B2.D1.8B.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B6.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.B5_.D0.BA.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B2.D1.8B.D0.B5&quot;&gt;Невырожденные кривые&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;Кривая второго порядка называется&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;невырожденной&lt;/i&gt;, если&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;Delta&amp;#92;ne0.&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/f/9/2/f92755f21417b44180e780fa23d8716a.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Могут возникать следующие варианты:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Невырожденная кривая второго порядка называется центральной, если&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;Delta I&amp;#92;not=0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/2/9/8/298098219fc0ff01429532bc5913e7ae.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%81&quot; title=&quot;Эллипс&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;эллипс&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;— при условии&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;D&amp;gt;0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/9/b/69be58a2d58cf375d4f86d1deb2ab157.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;и&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;Delta I&lt;0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/9/2/c/92c7abf640914b50882acf64941fa33a.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;частный случай эллипса&amp;nbsp;—&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; title=&quot;Окружность&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;окружность&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;— при условии&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;I^2=4D&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/9/a/1/9a193ac1b69d89a741332757b26b6483.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;или&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;a_{11}=a_{22}, a_{12}=0;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/4/a/8/4a8b55586b481afd5dd37f29abf51b71.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%81&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Мнимый эллипс (страница отсутствует)&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;мнимый эллипс&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(ни одной вещественной точки)&amp;nbsp;— при условии&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;Delta I&amp;gt;0;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/4/5/6/4569c9a860178810c6d66aaa72858a34.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&quot; title=&quot;Гипербола (математика)&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;гипербола&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;— при условии&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;D&lt;0;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/2/b/6/2b6979b314fa8e1ef9842e81f0451541.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Невырожденная кривая второго порядка называется нецентральной, если&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;Delta I=0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/9/1/8/918e8d6b33339407e86711d7fc4c78ed.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Парабола&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;парабола&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;— при условии&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;D=0.&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/2/0/6208d21413bd1cd725e3b556702ee458.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-color: initial; font-size: 17px; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: none; float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px; &quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=6&quot; title=&quot;Править секцию «Вырожденные кривые»&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;править&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;.D0.92.D1.8B.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B6.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.B5_.D0.BA.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B2.D1.8B.D0.B5&quot;&gt;Вырожденные кривые&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;Кривая второго порядка называется&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;вырожденной&lt;/i&gt;, если&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;Delta=0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/b/d/b/bdbbdd50f07e9fa49eb834e048576756.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;. Могут возникать следующие варианты:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;вещественная&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)&quot; title=&quot;Точка (геометрия)&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;точка&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;на пересечении двух мнимых прямых (вырожденный&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%81&quot; title=&quot;Эллипс&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;эллипс&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;nbsp;— при условии&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;D&amp;gt;0;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/1/7/8/17881a4e502b0060a3044eeaa6c9b153.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;пара вещественных пересекающихся&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F&quot; title=&quot;Прямая&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;прямых&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(вырожденная&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&quot; title=&quot;Гипербола (математика)&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;гипербола&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;nbsp;— при условии&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;D&lt;0;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/2/b/6/2b6979b314fa8e1ef9842e81f0451541.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;вырожденная&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Парабола&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;парабола&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;— при условии&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;D=0:&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/e/6/d/e6dab826b367a3eae60e687cf2c15db0.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;пара вещественных&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B5&quot; title=&quot;Параллельные прямые&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;параллельных прямых&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;— при условии&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;B&lt;0;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/7/5/3/75339ae5e23ec97e869e797a594a7f72.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;одна вещественная&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F&quot; title=&quot;Прямая&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;прямая&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(две слившиеся&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B5&quot; title=&quot;Параллельные прямые&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;параллельные прямые&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;nbsp;— при условии&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;B=0;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/d/f/2/df2cfc501812ba765cdebc17e12df189.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;пара мнимых&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B5&quot; title=&quot;Параллельные прямые&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;параллельных прямых&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(ни одной вещественной точки)&amp;nbsp;— при условии&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;B&amp;gt;0.&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/3/f/d/3fdf6e53eaf535c69ba6d959e41000fb.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
			<link>https://matan.my1.ru/news/23_klassifikacija_krivykh_vtorogo_porjadka/2012-05-30-52</link>
			<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
			<guid>https://matan.my1.ru/news/23_klassifikacija_krivykh_vtorogo_porjadka/2012-05-30-52</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2012 06:36:16 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>(22) Фокальные свойства эллипсов, парабол и гипербол</title>
			<description>все о&amp;nbsp;(22) Фокальные свойства эллипсов, парабол и гипербол</description>
			<content:encoded>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Фокальное свойство эллипса:&lt;/b&gt; Эллипс является множеством точек, сумма расстоя-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;ний от которых до фокусов постоянна: F1M + F2M = 2a.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Фокальное свойство гиперболы:&lt;/b&gt; Гипербола является геометрическим местом точек,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;разность расстояний от которых до фокусов по абсолютной величине постоянна:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;|F1M − F2M| = 2a.&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Фокальное свойство параболы:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold; &quot;&gt;Таким образом, парабола представляет собой множество всех точек плоскости, равноотстоящих от данной точки (фокуса) и от данной прямой (директрисы).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;Это характеристическое свойство параболы&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, Arial; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
			<link>https://matan.my1.ru/news/22_fokalnye_svojstva_ehllipsov_parabol_i_giperbol/2012-05-30-51</link>
			<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
			<guid>https://matan.my1.ru/news/22_fokalnye_svojstva_ehllipsov_parabol_i_giperbol/2012-05-30-51</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2012 06:33:15 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>(20) Критерий Сильвестра</title>
			<description>все о&amp;nbsp;(20) Критерий Сильвестра</description>
			<content:encoded>&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Критерий Сильвестра&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;определяет, является ли&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Симметричная матрица&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;симметричная&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;квадратная&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&quot; title=&quot;Матрица (математика)&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;матрица&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;положительно (отрицательно, неотрицательно) определённой.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;Пусть&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Квадратичная форма&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;квадратичная форма&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;имеет в каком-то&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81&quot; title=&quot;Базис&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;базисе&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;матрицу&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;A=&amp;#92;left|&amp;#92;begin{vmatrix} a_{11} &amp;amp; a_{12} &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; a_{1n} &amp;#92;&amp;#92; a_{21} &amp;amp; a_{22} &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; a_{2n} &amp;#92;&amp;#92; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;#92;&amp;#92; a_{n1} &amp;amp; a_{n2} &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; a_{nn} &amp;#92;end{vmatrix}&amp;#92;right|.&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/7/7/b/77bafc596d93569cccb7238dbc1f98d6.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;Тогда эта форма положительно определена, если и только если все её главные (угловые)&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0)&quot; title=&quot;Минор (линейная алгебра)&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;миноры&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;Delta_i&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/7/b/a/7baf16f51595659fafa9c6a9d3144236.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;положительны. Форма отрицательно определена, если и только если знаки&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;Delta_i&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/7/b/a/7baf16f51595659fafa9c6a9d3144236.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;чередуются, причём&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;Delta_1&lt;0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/4/0/2/4021179eda3ca0d2c8b203001d2d4e17.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;. Здесь&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;главными&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;минорами матрицы&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;A&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/7/f/c/7fc56270e7a70fa81a5935b72eacbe29.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;называются определители вида&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;Delta_1=a_{11},&amp;#92; &amp;#92;Delta_2=&amp;#92;begin{vmatrix}a_{11} &amp;amp; a_{12} &amp;#92;&amp;#92; a_{21} &amp;amp; a_{22}&amp;#92;end{vmatrix}, ...,&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/3/1/4/31486281bdf74a029c5f1a32510c3c60.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;Delta_i=&amp;#92;begin{vmatrix} a_{11} &amp;amp; a_{12} &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; a_{1i} &amp;#92;&amp;#92; a_{21} &amp;amp; a_{22} &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; a_{2i} &amp;#92;&amp;#92; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;#92;&amp;#92; a_{i1} &amp;amp; a_{i2} &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; a_{ii}&amp;#92;end{vmatrix}, ...,&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/7/4/c/74cf1079ec5d5dc9e57174037b61edc1.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;Delta_n=&amp;#92;begin{vmatrix} a_{11} &amp;amp; a_{12} &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; a_{1n} &amp;#92;&amp;#92; a_{21} &amp;amp; a_{22} &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; a_{2n} &amp;#92;&amp;#92; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;#92;&amp;#92; a_{n1} &amp;amp; a_{n2} &amp;amp; &amp;#92;ldots &amp;amp; a_{nn}&amp;#92;end{vmatrix}.&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/7/d/67de29b9f3f00f81f93a89d26d13a5f3.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;Для&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Полуопределённая форма&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;неотрицательно определённых&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;матриц критерий действует только в одну сторону: если форма неотрицательно определена, то главные миноры неотрицательны. Обратное неверно. Например, матрица&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;M=&amp;#92;left|&amp;#92;begin{vmatrix} 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;#92;&amp;#92; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 1 &amp;#92;&amp;#92; 0 &amp;amp; 1 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;#92;end{vmatrix}&amp;#92;right|&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/8/b/c/8bc480c3726d2f0aa05c67268028cd91.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;не является неотрицательно определённой&amp;nbsp;— так как, например,&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;(Mv,v)=-2&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/5/6/6/5662222377c3c945009d626d95d880e5.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;для&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;v=(0,1,-1)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/f/3/6/f363480e183018ffa62522bc781356f8.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;. В то же время все её главные миноры равны 0, то есть неотрицательны.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-color: initial; font-size: 17px; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;.D0.9A.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B9_.D0.BE.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.8C.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B9_.D0.BE.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.91.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8_.D0.BA.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.B4.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B9_.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BC.D1.8B&quot;&gt;Критерий отрицательной определённости квадратичной формы&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;table style=&quot;font-size: 13px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 19px; margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; padding-top: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; &quot;&gt;Для отрицательной определённости квадратичной формы необходимо и достаточно, чтобы главные миноры чётного порядка её матрицы были положительны, а нечётного порядка&amp;nbsp;— отрицательны.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;Доказательство сводится к предыдущему случаю, так как матрица&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;A&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/7/f/c/7fc56270e7a70fa81a5935b72eacbe29.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;является отрицательно определённой тогда и только тогда, когда матрица&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;-A&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/3/8/5/3852f29111da472f358dab01f1fce3f0.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;является положительно определённой. При замене матрицы&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;A&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/7/f/c/7fc56270e7a70fa81a5935b72eacbe29.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;на противоположную главные миноры нечётного порядка меняют знак, а главные миноры чётного порядка остаются такими же.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
			<link>https://matan.my1.ru/news/20_kriterij_silvestra/2012-05-30-50</link>
			<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
			<guid>https://matan.my1.ru/news/20_kriterij_silvestra/2012-05-30-50</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2012 06:24:13 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>(19) положительно и отрицательно определенные квадратичные формы. канонический вид</title>
			<description>все о&amp;nbsp;(19) положительно и отрицательно определенные квадратичные формы</description>
			<content:encoded>&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 19px; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Квадратичная форма&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,Q&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/0/0/4/004079a9e10ff7052646221da1745005.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;называется&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;положительно&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;b&gt;отрицательно&lt;/b&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;определённой&lt;/b&gt;, если для любого&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;x&amp;#92;neq 0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/4/3/c/43cd1f01fc40ff198193084a874be8ab.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;выполнено неравенство&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,Q(x)&amp;gt;0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/4/7/1/4711304b82a491def0f55a65bc4141aa.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,(Q(x)&lt;0)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/1/4/3/143b6d10840f39fe3968bf0b1ed8ef16.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;. Положительно определённые и отрицательно определённые формы называются&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;знакоопределёнными&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Квадратичная форма&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;A(x,x)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/0/0/600b1180cc887176074a5908bf1e2494.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;называется&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;знакопеременной&lt;/b&gt;, если она принимает как положительные, так и отрицательные значения.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Квадратичная форма&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,Q&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/0/0/4/004079a9e10ff7052646221da1745005.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;называется&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;положительно&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;b&gt;отрицательно&lt;/b&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;полуопределенной&lt;/b&gt;, если&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;A(x,x)&amp;#92;geq 0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/1/4/2/14293e25ee2b5dc2c0127b7fa9a1ba81.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;(A(x,x)&amp;#92;leq 0)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/6/a/66a5245cc2e3f5d8404332ffb6f784e2.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;для любого&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;x&amp;#92;in L&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/8/e/d/8eddec690a1655b06f90f001ba9e302a.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-color: initial; font-size: 17px; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;.D0.9A.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.B4.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.B5_.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BC.D1.8B&quot;&gt;Квадратичные формы&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;Также можно сформулировать положительную определённость через&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Квадратичная форма&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;квадратичные формы&lt;/a&gt;. Пусть&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;K&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/a/5/f/a5f3c6a11b03839d46af9fb43c97c188.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;будет&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5_(%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0)&quot; title=&quot;Поле (алгебра)&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;полем&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;вещественных (&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;mathbb{R}&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/1/3/4/134676911181af05d24d406f16edf587.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;) или комплексных (&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;mathbb{C}&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/8/4/f/84feda6433ec704f8ff2098173f9413f.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;) чисел, а&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;mathbb{V}&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/1/1/3/1137b80bee336f33bee13ccaff09b460.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;будет&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot; title=&quot;Векторное пространство&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;векторным пространством&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;над&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;K&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/a/5/f/a5f3c6a11b03839d46af9fb43c97c188.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;. Эрмитова форма&lt;/p&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; &quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;B&amp;nbsp;: V &amp;#92;times V &amp;#92;rightarrow K&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/2/c/7/2c7434b1f5fc3bf079c05e951b6897e0.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;является&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Билинейная форма&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;билинейным отображением&lt;/a&gt;, притом числом, сопряженным&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;B&amp;#92;left(x, y&amp;#92;right)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/9/e/9/9e9a1df8123cdf066332b54786648e57.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;, будет&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;B&amp;#92;left(y, x&amp;#92;right)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/3/b/63be0d849c65ac97feb173459fad756f.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;. Такая функция&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;B&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/9/d/5/9d5ed678fe57bcca610140957afab571.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;называется&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;положительно определённой&lt;/i&gt;, когда&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;B&amp;#92;left(x, x&amp;#92;right) &amp;gt; 0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/4/d/c/4dca3db432f94dad214c5f34f3c11f6b.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;для любого ненулевого&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;x &amp;#92;in V&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/7/3/1/7311eadac874d3eb683dd147ce424084.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Для любой квадратичной формы существует базис, в котором её матрица диагональна, а сама форма имеет&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;канонический вид&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; &quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;A(x,x)= x^2_1+ &amp;#92;cdots+ x^2_p - x^2_{p+1}- &amp;#92;cdots -x^2_{p+n}.&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/f/b/2/fb2d340f2c8406d9ea6e826cc13b8f3f.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</content:encoded>
			<link>https://matan.my1.ru/news/19_polozhitelno_i_otricatelno_opredelennye_kvadratichnye_formy_kanonicheskij_vid/2012-05-30-49</link>
			<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
			<guid>https://matan.my1.ru/news/19_polozhitelno_i_otricatelno_opredelennye_kvadratichnye_formy_kanonicheskij_vid/2012-05-30-49</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2012 06:22:34 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>(18) теорема инерции</title>
			<description>все о&amp;nbsp;(18) теорема инерции</description>
			<content:encoded>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--IMG1--&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;&quot; src=&quot;http://matan.my1.ru/_nw/0/80381748.jpg&quot; align=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--IMG1--&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
			<link>https://matan.my1.ru/news/18_teorema_inercii/2012-05-30-48</link>
			<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
			<guid>https://matan.my1.ru/news/18_teorema_inercii/2012-05-30-48</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2012 06:13:42 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>(17) приведение квадратичной формы к нормальному виду методом лагранжа</title>
			<description>все о&amp;nbsp;(17) приведение квадратичной формы к нормальному виду методом &amp;nbsp;лагранжа</description>
			<content:encoded>&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Метод Лагранжа&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;— метод приведения&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Квадратичная форма&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;квадратичной формы&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;к&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8B&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Канонический вид квадратичной формы (страница отсутствует)&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;каноническому виду&lt;/a&gt;, указанный в&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1759&quot; title=&quot;1759&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;1759&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;году&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6,_%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8&quot; title=&quot;Лагранж, Жозеф Луи&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;Лагранжем&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: none; float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px; &quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=1&quot; title=&quot;Править секцию «Описание»&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;править&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;.D0.9E.D0.BF.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5&quot;&gt;Описание&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;Данный метод состоит в последовательном выделении в квадратичной форме полных квадратов. Пусть&lt;/p&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;sum_{i=1}^n &amp;#92;sum_{j=1}^n a_{ij} x_i x_j&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/7/5/675514346c9bff2906054392cd4c634e.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;есть данная квадратичная форма. Возможны два случая:&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;line-height: 19px; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;хотя бы один из коэффициентов&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;a_{ii}&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/e/9/2/e92302bef13152e96b6f6dbc6832709a.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;при квадратах отличен от нуля. Не нарушая общности, будем считать&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;a_{11} &amp;#92;neq 0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/d/0/d/d0d81a26af74dd9ed4421b56fa09a0a2.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(этого всегда можно добиться соответствующей перенумерацией переменных);&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;все коэффициенты&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;~a_{ii} = 0, i = 1, 2, ..., n&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/1/3/5/13543a80f88d23accd22fdebf60bc269.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;, но есть коэффициент&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;a_{ij}, i &amp;#92;neq j&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/e/0/e/e0e8e514cdb43a3f08c2038a30be3fad.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;, отличный от нуля (для определённости пусть будет&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;a_{12} &amp;#92;neq 0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/0/b/7/0b783d0b3b8a2ae50573f8bba58493be.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;В первом случае преобразуем квадратичную форму следующим образом:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;f(x_1, x_2, ..., x_n) = (a_{11}x_1^2 + 2a_{12}x_1x_2 + ... + 2a_{1n}x_1x_n) + f_1(x_2, x_3, ..., x_n) =&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/7/b/67b9a8a7551a04ed9b6e4618f3e4dd4a.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;= &amp;#92;frac{1}{a_{11}}(a_{11}x_1 + a_{12}x_2 + ... + a_{1n}x_n)^2 - &amp;#92;frac{1}{a_{11}}(a_{12}x_2 + ... + a_{1n}x_n)^2 + f_1(x_2, x_3, ..., x_n) =&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/4/a/9/4a9b3f6a36c2561461866829aa83fc5e.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;= &amp;#92;frac{1}{a_{11}}y_1^2 + f_2(x_2, x_3, ..., x_n)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/f/5/5/f55bf6c205f3da039d7958f8585c0c74.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;, где&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;~y_1 = a_{11}x_1 + a_{12}x_2 +...+ a_{1n}x_n&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/d/3/5/d35f722b459d04ead867cd402beddcd8.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;, а через&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;~f_2(x_2, x_3, ..., x_n)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/7/4/1/7411c34ccccf6b205dbd9ef126688297.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;обозначены все остальные слагаемые.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;~f_2(x_2, ..., x_n)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/7/7/677a5d7edf93300d577c0d7d85de5ae5.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;представляет собой квадратичную форму от n-1 переменных&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;~x_2, x_3, ..., x_n&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/c/f/2/cf28eac6eeb9c4c884e83cb24a81480c.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;С ней поступают аналогичным образом и так далее.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;Заметим, что&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;y_1 = &amp;#92;frac{1}{2}&amp;#92;frac{&amp;#92;partial f}{&amp;#92;partial x_1}&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/8/b/7/8b7c5b9f8eed0e20d8088c9c2a0898e8.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;Второй случай заменой переменных&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;~x_1 = y_1 + y_2, x_2 = y_1 - y_2, x_3 = y_3, ..., x_n = y_n&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/4/d/e/4deffa50d94ec8795ee978f72aba7d31.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;сводится к первому.&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
			<link>https://matan.my1.ru/news/17_privedenie_kvadratichnoj_formy_k_normalnomu_vidu_metodom_lagranzha/2012-05-30-47</link>
			<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
			<guid>https://matan.my1.ru/news/17_privedenie_kvadratichnoj_formy_k_normalnomu_vidu_metodom_lagranzha/2012-05-30-47</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2012 06:09:44 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>(16) Ранг квадратичной формы</title>
			<description>все о&amp;nbsp;(16) Ранг квадратичной формы</description>
			<content:encoded>&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;.D0.A1.D0.B2.D1.8F.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.B5_.D0.BE.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F&quot;&gt;Связанные определения&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 19px; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&quot; title=&quot;Матрица (математика)&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;Матрицу&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,(a_{ij})&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/b/7/2/b723fe6145e74a9b78ebc89abaf1e397.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;называют матрицей квадратичной формы в данном базисе. В случае, если характеристика поля&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,K&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/f/e/e/feef79595c66cf93552a8857a1898b71.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;не равна 2, можно считать, что матрица квадратичной формы симметрична, то есть&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,a_{ij}=a_{ji}&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/9/3/f/93f7d64bea49d0bbbe49c666218ce48f.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Для любой квадратичной формы&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,Q&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/0/0/4/004079a9e10ff7052646221da1745005.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;существует единственная симметричная&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Билинейная форма&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;билинейная форма&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,B&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/7/4/a/74a43818ea6cb02a9bc1c725e556d42a.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;, такая, что&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,Q(x)=B(x,x)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/9/6/d/96d3c537a2a879727d41056b6cb9fb5e.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;. Билинейную форму&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,B&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/7/4/a/74a43818ea6cb02a9bc1c725e556d42a.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;называют&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;полярной&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;к&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,Q&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/0/0/4/004079a9e10ff7052646221da1745005.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;, она может быть вычислена по формуле&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;B(x,y)=&amp;#92;frac{1}{4}&amp;#92;,(Q(x+y)-Q(x-y)).&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/b/0/2/b02898ad9f4e692f6fdd19ba8cc74151.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 19px; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Матрица квадратичной формы в произвольном базисе совпадает с матрицей полярной ей билинейной формы в том же базисе.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 19px; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); font-family: sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Если матрица квадратичной формы имеет полный ранг, то квадратичную форму называют&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;невырожденной&lt;/b&gt;, иначе —&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;вырожденной&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Квадратичная форма&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,Q&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/0/0/4/004079a9e10ff7052646221da1745005.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;называется&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;положительно&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;b&gt;отрицательно&lt;/b&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;определённой&lt;/b&gt;, если для любого&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;x&amp;#92;neq 0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/4/3/c/43cd1f01fc40ff198193084a874be8ab.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;выполнено неравенство&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,Q(x)&amp;gt;0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/4/7/1/4711304b82a491def0f55a65bc4141aa.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,(Q(x)&lt;0)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/1/4/3/143b6d10840f39fe3968bf0b1ed8ef16.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;. Положительно определённые и отрицательно определённые формы называются&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;знакоопределёнными&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Квадратичная форма&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;A(x,x)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/0/0/600b1180cc887176074a5908bf1e2494.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;называется&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;знакопеременной&lt;/b&gt;, если она принимает как положительные, так и отрицательные значения.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Квадратичная форма&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,Q&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/0/0/4/004079a9e10ff7052646221da1745005.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;называется&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 13px; &quot;&gt;положительно&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 13px; &quot;&gt;отрицательно&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 13px; &quot;&gt;полуопределенной&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;, если&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;A(x,x)&amp;#92;geq 0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/1/4/2/14293e25ee2b5dc2c0127b7fa9a1ba81.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;(A(x,x)&amp;#92;leq 0)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/6/a/66a5245cc2e3f5d8404332ffb6f784e2.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;для любого&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;x&amp;#92;in L&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/8/e/d/8eddec690a1655b06f90f001ba9e302a.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(105, 105, 105);&quot;&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;cite style=&quot;font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;, Times, serif; line-height: normal; text-align: left; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(105, 105, 105);&quot;&gt;Рангом квадратичной формы&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Рангом квадратичной формы&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;, Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: left; &quot;&gt;, называется ранг ее матрицы. Такая квадратичная форма называется невырожденной.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;cite style=&quot;font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;, Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: left; &quot;&gt;Ранг квадратичной формы&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;, Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: left; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;не изменяется при линейном невырожденном преобразовании.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;, Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: left; &quot;&gt;Если&lt;/span&gt;&lt;cite style=&quot;font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;, Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: left; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ранг квадратичной формы&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;, Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: left; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;меньше чем и-1, то поверхности уровня называют цилиндрическими.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</content:encoded>
			<link>https://matan.my1.ru/news/16_rang_kvadratichnoj_formy/2012-05-30-46</link>
			<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
			<guid>https://matan.my1.ru/news/16_rang_kvadratichnoj_formy/2012-05-30-46</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2012 06:04:55 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>(15) Квадратичные формы и их матрицы</title>
			<description>все о&amp;nbsp;(15) Квадратичные формы и их матрицы</description>
			<content:encoded>&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;Квадратичная форма&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;— функция на векторном пространстве, задаваемая&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD&quot; title=&quot;Однородный многочлен&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; &quot;&gt;однородным многочленом&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;второй степени от координат вектора.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;.D0.9E.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5&quot;&gt;Определение&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;Пусть&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,L&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/8/1/681d877c92028ac09d60cf806482420b.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;есть&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot; title=&quot;Векторное пространство&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;векторное пространство&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;над полем&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,K&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/f/e/e/feef79595c66cf93552a8857a1898b71.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;и&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;e_1,e_2,&amp;#92;dots,e_n&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/e/8/3/e83f7fb239ed6303505f7b889f51a302.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;— базис в&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,L&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/8/1/681d877c92028ac09d60cf806482420b.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&quot; title=&quot;Функция (математика)&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;Функция&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;Q&amp;nbsp;: L &amp;#92;to K&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/1/2/c/12cc981af67c128d05caeb3aa3f81446.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;называется квадратичной формой, если её можно представить в виде&lt;/p&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;Q(x)=&amp;#92;sum_{i,j=1}^n a_{ij}x_i x_j,&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/7/5/9/7599ec44766c185aca30f16606a8f1d1.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;где&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;x=x_1 e_1+x_2 e_2+&amp;#92;cdots+x_n e_n&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/3/6/63694e51957b52bb9ffe89f51e4ced13.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, а&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,a_{ij}&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/8/9/c/89cf2054daa3cb20efd0abc61c9bd13f.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;— некоторые элементы поля&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,K&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/f/e/e/feef79595c66cf93552a8857a1898b71.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;.D0.A1.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B9.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B0&quot;&gt;Свойства&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;font-size: 13px; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Критерий Сильвестра&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;Критерий Сильвестра&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Квадратичная форма является положительно определенной, тогда и только тогда, когда все угловые&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0)&quot; title=&quot;Минор (линейная алгебра)&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;миноры&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;её матрицы строго положительны.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Квадратичная форма является отрицательно определенной, тогда и только тогда, когда знаки всех угловых&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0)&quot; title=&quot;Минор (линейная алгебра)&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;миноров&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;её матрицы чередуются, причем минор порядка 1 отрицателен.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Билинейная форма, полярная положительно определённой квадратичной форме, удовлетворяет всем&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; title=&quot;Скалярное произведение&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;аксиомам скалярного произведения&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;font-size: 13px; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Для любой квадратичной формы существует базис, в котором её матрица диагональна, а сама форма имеет&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;канонический вид&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;dl style=&quot;margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; &quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;A(x,x)= x^2_1+ &amp;#92;cdots+ x^2_p - x^2_{p+1}- &amp;#92;cdots -x^2_{p+n}.&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/f/b/2/fb2d340f2c8406d9ea6e826cc13b8f3f.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; title=&quot;Разность&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;Разность&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;между числом положительных (&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;p&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/8/3/8/83878c91171338902e0fe0fb97a8c47a.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;) и отрицательных (&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;n-p&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/1/5/4/154f0919e57f1e7a8a046c3d58f256f7.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;) членов в этой записи называется&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;сигнатурой&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;квадратичной формы. Сигнатура, также как и числа положительных и отрицательных слагаемых, не зависят от способов приведения квадратичной формы к каноническому виду (&lt;b&gt;закон инерции&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84&quot; title=&quot;Сильвестр, Джеймс Джозеф&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;Сильвестра&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Для приведения квадратичной формы к каноническому виду обычно используется&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83&quot; title=&quot;Метод Лагранжа приведения квадратичной формы к каноническому виду&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;метод Лагранжа&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: none; float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px; &quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4&quot; title=&quot;Править секцию «Примеры»&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;править&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;.D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.80.D1.8B&quot;&gt;Примеры&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; title=&quot;Скалярное произведение&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;Скалярное произведение&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;векторов&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,(x,y)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/c/7/a/c7a581f1d0cf638777c8b3b463eecedd.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;— симметричная билинейная функция. Соответствующая квадратичная форма&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,Q(x)=(x,x)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/3/6/63694edffc2dd1d4207b544fdc75fd9a.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;является положительно определённой, она сопоставляет вектору&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,x&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/c/9/b/c9b156d8b2ef3e299acca75219990b56.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;квадрат его длины.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Квадратичная форма&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,Q(x)=x_1x_2&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/5/c/65c6eabe65b47f627c7d12192c70c193.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;на плоскости (вектор&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,x&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/c/9/b/c9b156d8b2ef3e299acca75219990b56.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;имеет две координаты:&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,x_1&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/7/f/6/7f69f9abd3b433fa4185c7619885c22b.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;и&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,x_2&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/e/c/b/ecb841fa7f487ac4bdaf39f585d82a54.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) является знакопеременной, она приводится к каноническому виду&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;x_1^2-x_2^2&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/b/7/2/b729a51a94d4f1965bb118f03183bca5.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;с помощью линейной замены&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;,x_1 = x_1&apos;+x_2&apos;, &amp;#92; x_2 = x_1&apos;-x_2&apos;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/d/0/6d0975b0e61b640c93de38ab34ab5207.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;hr&gt;&lt;hr&gt;&lt;hr&gt;&lt;hr&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Примеры квадратичной формы матриц:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;416&quot; height=&quot;51&quot; src=&quot;http://twt.mpei.ac.ru/math/LARB/Quadrf/LA_06020100e1_clip_image002_0000.gif&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; vertical-align: middle; font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-center; &quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;792&quot; height=&quot;51&quot; src=&quot;http://twt.mpei.ac.ru/math/LARB/Quadrf/LA_06020100e2_clip_image002_0000.gif&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; vertical-align: middle; font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-left; &quot;&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
			<link>https://matan.my1.ru/news/15_kvadratichnye_formy_i_ikh_matricy/2012-05-30-45</link>
			<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
			<guid>https://matan.my1.ru/news/15_kvadratichnye_formy_i_ikh_matricy/2012-05-30-45</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2012 06:00:46 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>(14) Теорема Эйлера (теория чисел)</title>
			<description>все о&amp;nbsp;(14) Теорема Эйлера (теория чисел)</description>
			<content:encoded>&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Теоре́ма Э́йлера&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;в&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB&quot; title=&quot;Теория чисел&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;теории чисел&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;гласит:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table style=&quot;font-size: 13px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; padding-top: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; &quot;&gt;Если&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;a&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/0/c/c/0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;и&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;m&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/6/f/8/6f8f57715090da2632453988d9a1501b.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Взаимно простые числа&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;взаимно просты&lt;/a&gt;, то&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;a^{&amp;#92;varphi(m)} &amp;#92;equiv 1 &amp;#92;pmod m&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/1/1/8/1189704550e311581235670cdafd8508.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;, где&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;varphi(m)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/a/5/e/a5ea2cc230d613af3c6713d5d73a5085.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;—&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Функция Эйлера&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;функция Эйлера&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;Частным случаем теоремы Эйлера является&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Малая теорема Ферма&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;малая теорема Ферма&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(при простом&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;). В свою очередь, теорема Эйлера является следствием&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B0_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF)&quot; title=&quot;Теорема Лагранжа (теория групп)&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;теоремы Лагранжа&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
			<link>https://matan.my1.ru/news/14_teorema_ehjlera_teorija_chisel/2012-05-30-44</link>
			<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
			<guid>https://matan.my1.ru/news/14_teorema_ehjlera_teorija_chisel/2012-05-30-44</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2012 05:57:21 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>(13) Ортогональные матрицы и их операторы</title>
			<description>все о&amp;nbsp;Ортогональные матрицы и их операторы</description>
			<content:encoded>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ортогональная матрица&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;—&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Квадратная матрица&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;квадратная&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&quot; title=&quot;Матрица (математика)&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;матрица&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;с&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE&quot; title=&quot;Вещественное число&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;вещественными&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;элементами, результат&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86&quot; title=&quot;Произведение матриц&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;умножения&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;которой на&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Транспонированная матрица&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;A&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em; &quot;&gt;T&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;равен&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Единичная матрица&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;единичной матрице&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;sup id=&quot;cite_ref-0&quot; class=&quot;reference&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0#cite_note-0&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;AA^{T} = A^{T}A = E,&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/e/e/7/ee7abe25d325eed1e46b0e5703cf101e.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;или, что эквивалентно, её&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Обратная матрица&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;обратная матрица&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;равна&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Транспонированная матрица&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;транспонированной матрице&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); &quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;! A^{-1} = A^{T}.&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/9/6/2/962f19032308cfe4d5bb164a20bcf707.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;.D0.A1.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B9.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B0&quot;&gt;Свойства&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 19px; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); font-size: 13px; text-align: -webkit-auto; &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Столбцы и строки ортогональной матрицы образуют системы&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Ортонормированная система&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;ортонормированных векторов&lt;/a&gt;, то есть:&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; &quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; &quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;! &amp;#92;sum_{i} A_{ij} A_{ik}=&amp;#92;delta_{jk}&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/9/9/8/998c61902adb118d9040d35faaa27b01.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;и&lt;dl style=&quot;margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; &quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;! &amp;#92;sum_{i} A_{ji} A_{ki}=&amp;#92;delta_{jk}&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/a/e/8/ae8e637a3f7fb56ad1c19572fe524fd8.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;где&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot; i&amp;#92;in &amp;#92;{1,&amp;#92;;&amp;#92;ldots,&amp;#92;;n&amp;#92;}&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/0/6/a/06ab4ec689bc5f77282ecc665ec913c4.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;— порядок матрицы, а&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;delta_{jk}&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/5/6/b/56b6aa45ae8fc4b61f2a0821b23e4fa6.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;—&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Символ Кронекера&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;символ Кронекера&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; font-size: 13px; text-align: -webkit-auto; &quot;&gt;Другими словами, скалярное произведение строки на саму себя равно 1, а на любую другую строку — 0. Так же и для столбцов.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 19px; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); font-size: 13px; text-align: -webkit-auto; &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Множество ортогональных матриц порядка&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;n&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/7/b/8/7b8b965ad4bca0e41ab51de7b31363a1.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;над&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5_(%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0)&quot; title=&quot;Поле (алгебра)&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;полем&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;k&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/8/c/e/8ce4b16b22b58894aa86c421e8759df3.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;образует&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&quot; title=&quot;Группа (математика)&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;группу&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;по умножению, так называемую&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Ортогональная группа&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;ортогональную группу&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;которая обозначается&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot; O_n(k)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/c/5/a/c5a59780f3794309128fb14e43095012.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;или&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot; O(n,&amp;#92;;k)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/3/9/a/39ada83940e13042650bbf0b135c5ee7.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(если&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot; k&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/8/c/e/8ce4b16b22b58894aa86c421e8759df3.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;опускается, то предполагается&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot; k=&amp;#92;R&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/7/b/5/7b5226aadd78c6f123a7f49de47c26f3.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Ортогональные матрицы соответствуют&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80&quot; title=&quot;Линейный оператор&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;линейным операторам&lt;/a&gt;, переводящим&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81&quot; title=&quot;Ортонормированный базис&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;ортонормированный базис&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot; title=&quot;Линейное пространство&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;линейного пространства&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;в ортонормированный.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;Любая вещественная ортогональная матрица&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B&quot; title=&quot;Подобные матрицы&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;подобна&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Блочно-диагональная матрица&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;блочно-диагональной матрице&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;с блоками вида&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; &quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot; (&amp;#92;pm 1)&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/2/8/9/289ba28a5a31a7cd3f44afe22fa77319.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;и&amp;nbsp;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;begin{pmatrix}&amp;#92; &amp;#92; &amp;#92; &amp;#92;cos&amp;#92;varphi&amp;amp;&amp;#92;sin&amp;#92;varphi&amp;#92;&amp;#92;-&amp;#92;sin&amp;#92;varphi&amp;amp;&amp;#92;cos&amp;#92;varphi&amp;#92;end{pmatrix}.
&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/4/3/4/434756dc9c33c6e5a5edf34a6ef011cb.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: none; float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px; &quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2&quot; title=&quot;Править секцию «Примеры»&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;править&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;.D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.80.D1.8B&quot;&gt;Примеры&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 19px; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); font-size: 13px; text-align: -webkit-auto; &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;
&amp;#92;begin{pmatrix}
1 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;#92;&amp;#92;
0 &amp;amp; 1 &amp;#92;&amp;#92;
&amp;#92;end{pmatrix}&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/8/d/2/8d2135f8070da8353ff245c606aae517.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;—&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Единичная матрица&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;единичная матрица&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 19px; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); font-size: 13px; text-align: -webkit-auto; &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;
&amp;#92;begin{pmatrix}
1 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;#92;&amp;#92;
0 &amp;amp; -1 &amp;#92;&amp;#92;
&amp;#92;end{pmatrix}&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/8/d/c/8dc7f2c4409f5aa6710e9d4a55870784.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 19px; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); font-size: 13px; text-align: -webkit-auto; &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;
&amp;#92;begin{pmatrix}
0.96 &amp;amp; -0.28 &amp;#92;&amp;#92;
0.28 &amp;amp; &amp;#92;;&amp;#92;;&amp;#92;,0.96 &amp;#92;&amp;#92;
&amp;#92;end{pmatrix}&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/0/4/f/04f0eca36bdf253a6d78a60c2543fd36.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;— пример&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Матрица поворота&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;матрицы поворота&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 19px; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABpJREFUeF5VxaEBAAAAgjBO9nyjGoUwPuFdCRqSA8lTAUBSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); font-size: 13px; text-align: -webkit-auto; &quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;
&amp;#92;begin{pmatrix}
0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 1 &amp;#92;&amp;#92;
0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 1 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;#92;&amp;#92;
1 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;#92;&amp;#92;
0 &amp;amp; 1 &amp;amp; 0 &amp;amp; 0
&amp;#92;end{pmatrix}&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/0/1/a/01a8556aa212748c62fa8ddb7f117567.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;— пример&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; title=&quot;Перестановочная матрица&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; &quot;&gt;перестановочной матрицы&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;hr&gt;&lt;hr&gt;&lt;hr&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot; title=&quot;Определитель&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: initial; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; &quot;&gt;Определитель&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; &quot;&gt;ортогональной матрицы равен&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; &quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot; &amp;#92;pm 1&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/9/6/7/967ffa3ca82c4b8aad1075067fb3fec5.png&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; &quot;&gt;, что следует из свойств определителей:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; &quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px; &quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;tex&quot; alt=&quot;&amp;#92;! 1 = &amp;#92;det(I) = &amp;#92;det(A^TA)=&amp;#92;det(A^T)&amp;#92;det(A)=&amp;#92;det(A)&amp;#92;det(A)=&amp;#92;det(A)^2=1.&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/math/2/5/4/254cc11da59b10cda0be01cef1d93d2b.png&quot; style=&quot;border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;h1 style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: 23px; font-variant: small-caps; text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 139); line-height: normal; &quot;&gt;Примеры ортогональных операторов&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Пример 1.&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Пусть&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;hat&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;display: inline; position: relative; top: 4px; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;upc&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; line-height: 4px; text-align: center; position: relative; top: 8px; &quot;&gt;^&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;— оператор зеркального отражения пространства геометрических векторов&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;V&lt;/var&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;index&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12px; vertical-align: sub; &quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;относительно плоскости&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;X&lt;/var&gt;&lt;var&gt;O&lt;/var&gt;&lt;var&gt;Y&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;. Докажем, что&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;hat&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;display: inline; position: relative; top: 4px; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;upc&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; line-height: 4px; text-align: center; position: relative; top: 8px; &quot;&gt;^&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;— ортогональный оператор.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Решение.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;1. Матрица оператора&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;hat&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;display: inline; position: relative; top: 4px; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;upc&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; line-height: 4px; text-align: center; position: relative; top: 8px; &quot;&gt;^&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;в базисе&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;vect&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;display: inline; position: relative; top: 4px; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;upc&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; line-height: 4px; text-align: center; position: relative; &quot;&gt;→&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/var&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;vect&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;display: inline; position: relative; top: 4px; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;upc&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; line-height: 4px; text-align: center; position: relative; &quot;&gt;→&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;j&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/var&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;vect&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;display: inline; position: relative; top: 4px; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;upc&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; line-height: 4px; text-align: center; position: relative; &quot;&gt;→&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;есть&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;var&gt;A&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;lbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ж&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;и&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;matrix&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; display: inline; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;−1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;rbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ц&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ш&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;2. Находим транспонированную матрицу&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;var&gt;A&lt;/var&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;power&quot; style=&quot;position: relative; vertical-align: super; left: 2px; font-size: 12px; &quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;lbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ж&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;и&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;matrix&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; display: inline; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;−1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;rbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ц&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ш&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;3. Вычисляем&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;var&gt;A&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;·&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;A&lt;/var&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;power&quot; style=&quot;position: relative; vertical-align: super; left: 2px; font-size: 12px; &quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;lbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ж&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;и&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;matrix&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; display: inline; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;−1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;rbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ц&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ш&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;·&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;lbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ж&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;и&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;matrix&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; display: inline; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;−1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;rbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ц&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ш&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;=&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;lbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ж&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;и&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;matrix&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; display: inline; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;rbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ц&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ш&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;Так как&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;A&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;·&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;A&lt;/var&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;power&quot; style=&quot;position: relative; vertical-align: super; left: 2px; font-size: 12px; &quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;E&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;, оператор&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;hat&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;display: inline; position: relative; top: 4px; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;upc&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; line-height: 4px; text-align: center; position: relative; top: 8px; &quot;&gt;^&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;— ортогональный.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Пример 2.&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Пусть&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;hat&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;display: inline; position: relative; top: 4px; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;upc&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; line-height: 4px; text-align: center; position: relative; top: 8px; &quot;&gt;^&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;— оператор поворота пространства геометрических векторов&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;V&lt;/var&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;index&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12px; vertical-align: sub; &quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;относительно оси&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;O&lt;/var&gt;&lt;var&gt;Z&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;на угол&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;var&quot; style=&quot;font-family: symbol; font-size: 19px; font-style: italic; &quot;&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;π&lt;/i&gt;/2 . Докажем, что&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;hat&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;display: inline; position: relative; top: 4px; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;upc&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; line-height: 4px; text-align: center; position: relative; top: 8px; &quot;&gt;^&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;— ортогональный оператор.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Решение.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;1. Матрица оператора&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;hat&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;display: inline; position: relative; top: 4px; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;upc&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; line-height: 4px; text-align: center; position: relative; top: 8px; &quot;&gt;^&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;в базисе&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;vect&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;display: inline; position: relative; top: 4px; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;upc&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; line-height: 4px; text-align: center; position: relative; &quot;&gt;→&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/var&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;vect&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;display: inline; position: relative; top: 4px; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;upc&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; line-height: 4px; text-align: center; position: relative; &quot;&gt;→&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;j&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/var&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;vect&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;display: inline; position: relative; top: 4px; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;upc&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; line-height: 4px; text-align: center; position: relative; &quot;&gt;→&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;есть&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;var&gt;A&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;lbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ж&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;и&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;matrix&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; display: inline; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;−1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;rbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ц&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ш&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;2. Находим транспонированную матрицу&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;var&gt;A&lt;/var&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;power&quot; style=&quot;position: relative; vertical-align: super; left: 2px; font-size: 12px; &quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;lbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ж&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;и&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;matrix&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; display: inline; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;−1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;rbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ц&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ш&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;3. Вычисляем&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;var&gt;A&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;·&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;A&lt;/var&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;power&quot; style=&quot;position: relative; vertical-align: super; left: 2px; font-size: 12px; &quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;lbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ж&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;и&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;matrix&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; display: inline; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;−1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;rbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ц&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ш&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;·&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;lbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ж&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;и&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;matrix&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; display: inline; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;−1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;rbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ц&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ш&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;=&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;lbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ж&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;з&lt;br&gt;и&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;matrix&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; display: inline; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; &quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;col align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td rowspan=&quot;99&quot; class=&quot;rbracket&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; font-family: symbol; font-size: 13px; width: 6px; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 13px; &quot;&gt;ц&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ч&lt;br&gt;ш&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;Так как&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;A&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;·&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;A&lt;/var&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;power&quot; style=&quot;position: relative; vertical-align: super; left: 2px; font-size: 12px; &quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;E&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;, оператор&amp;nbsp;&lt;var&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;hat&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;display: inline; position: relative; top: 4px; &quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;upc&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; line-height: 4px; text-align: center; position: relative; top: 8px; &quot;&gt;^&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding-left: 3pt; padding-right: 3pt; &quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/var&gt;&amp;nbsp;— ортогональный.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 139); font-family: Arial; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;end&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-family: symbol; color: rgb(0, 0, 139); line-height: normal; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;¾¾¾¾ &amp;nbsp; * &amp;nbsp; * &amp;nbsp; * &amp;nbsp; ¾¾¾¾&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content:encoded>
			<link>https://matan.my1.ru/news/13_ortogonalnye_matricy_i_ikh_operatory/2012-05-30-43</link>
			<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
			<guid>https://matan.my1.ru/news/13_ortogonalnye_matricy_i_ikh_operatory/2012-05-30-43</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2012 05:56:12 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
	</channel>
</rss>